Optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition (SI) engine by changing GDI injection pressure

Regarding reducing particle emissions from dual-injection spark ignition engines, most of the existing research focused on benefits using alcohol fuels. However, a comprehensive study effects fuel injection pressure microscopic spray characteristics and in engines fuelled with gasoline has not been reported before. In this paper, assistance phase Doppler particles analyser system fast analyser, optimising engine by changing GDI was conducted. The results show that increasing 5.5 to 18 MPa, both normal tangential components droplet velocity increase, but possibility impingement would increase lot. Higher probability small droplets, more droplets collapse mode continuous ripping or break down abruptly. From jet’s central axis sides, Sauter mean diameter increases first, then reduces outside boundary. Increasing MPa total number concentration, which is 53.98% 45.44% at 2 bar 10 bar, respectively. Meanwhile, peak distribution curve decreases 3.01 × 6 1.43 whilst 1.08 5.33 5 bar. Overall, paper comprehensively analyses emissions, offering practical approach reduce SI gasoline.